Buddhist

Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices thought by by most to be a religion and is formed upon the teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama,  known as "The Buddha" (the Awakened One), who was born in the country that is today Nepal He taught in the northeastern region of the Indian subcontinent and died around 400 BC.

Buddhists recognize him as an enlightened teacher who shared his insights to help sentient beings end their suffering by understanding the nature of phenomena, thereby escaping suffering and rebirth (saṃsāra), that is, achieving Nirvana. The number of Buddhists in the world is between 230 million and 500 million, resulting in Buddhism being the 4th most popular world religion.

Concepts of Buddhists

Life and the World

Karma, the energy which drives Saṃsāra, is the cycle of suffering and rebirth for each being. Good, skillful and bad, unskillful actions bear "seeds" in the mind which come to fruition in this life or in a rebirth to follow. The avoidance of unwholesome actions and the doing of positive actions is called Śīla
In Buddhism, Karma refers to those actions  that spring from mental intent  and bring about a consequence  or result. Each time a person acts there is some quality of intention at the base of the mind and it is that quality that determines its effect.

Rebirth

Rebirth refers to a process in which beings go through a succession of lifetimes as one of many possible forms of sentient life, each running from conception to death. Each rebirth happens within one of five realms, according to Theravadins, or six according to other schools. These are subdivided into 31 planes of existence.

1. Naraka beings: those that live in one of many Narakas (Hells)
2. Animals: sharing space with humans, but considered another type of life.
3. Preta: Sometimes sharing space with humans, but invisible to most people; an important variety is the hungry ghost
4. Human beings: one of the realms of rebirth that attaining Nirvana is possible
5. Asuras: variously translated as lowly deities, demons, antigods; not recognized by Theravada (Mahavihara) tradition as a separate realm.
6. Devas including Brahmas: translated as gods, deities, spirits, angels, or left untranslated.

Rebirths in the higher heavens, known as the Śuddhāvāsa Worlds (Pure Abodes), can only be attained by anāgāmis (non-returners). Rebirths in the arupa-dhatu (formless realms) can be attained only by people who can meditate on the arupa-jhānas.
According to East Asian and Tibetan Buddhism, there is an intermediate state in between one life and the next, but Theravada rejects this.

The Cycle of Samsara

Sentient beings crave pleasure and are averse to pain from birth to death. In being controlled by these attitudes, they perpetuate the cycle of conditioned existence and suffering (Samsara), and produce the causes and conditions of the next rebirth after death. Each rebirth repeats this process in an involuntary cycle, which Buddhists strive to end by eradicating these causes and conditions, applying the methods laid out by the Buddha.

Suffering

According to the Pali Tipitaka, the Four Noble Truths were the first teaching of Gautama Buddha after attaining Nirvana. They are sometimes considered as containing the essence of the Buddha's teachings and are presented in the manner of a medical diagnosis and remedial prescription – a style common at that time:

1. Life as we know it ultimately is or leads to suffering/uneasiness (dukkha) in one way or another.
2. Suffering is caused by craving or attachments to worldly pleasures of all kinds. This is often expressed as a deluded clinging to a certain sense of existence, to selfhood, or to the things or phenomena that we consider the cause of happiness or unhappiness.
3. Suffering ends when craving ends, when one is freed from desire. This is achieved by eliminating all delusion, thereby reaching a liberated state of Enlightenment (bodhi);
4. Reaching this liberated state is achieved by following the path laid out by the Buddha.

Middle Way

An important guiding principle of Buddhist practice is the Middle Way, which is said to have been discovered by Gautama Buddha prior to his enlightenment. The Middle Way or Middle Path has several definitions:

1. The practice of non-extremism: a path of moderation away from the extremes of self-indulgence and self-mortification
2. The middle ground between certain metaphysical views (e.g., that things ultimately either do or do not exist)
3. An explanation of Nirvana (perfect enlightenment), a state wherein it becomes clear that all dualities apparent in the world are delusory (see Seongcheol)
4. Another term for emptiness, the ultimate nature of all phenomena, lack of inherent existence, which avoids the extremes of permanence and nihilism or inherent existence and nothingness